飞机性能样机技术及体系研究

为了应对飞机复杂度大幅提升所带来的性能仿真瓶颈问题,从飞机系统综合和协同仿真的需求出发,结合数字样机技术和分析仿真技术的发展趋势,系统阐述了飞机性能样机的基本概念、特征和分类方法,研究和分析了性能样机技术的主要特征、关键技术和应用前景,并在此基础上给出了飞机性能样机技术体系建设的总体框架。     

Friction Stir Welding of Metal Matrix Composites for use in aerospace structures

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a relatively nascent solid state joining technique developed at The Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991. The process was first used at NASA to weld the super lightweight external tank for the Space Shuttle. Today FSW is used to join structural components of the Delta IV, Atlas V, and Falcon IX rockets as well as the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle. A current focus of FSW research is to extend the process to new materials which are difficult to weld using conventional fusion techniques. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) consist of a metal alloy reinforced with ceramics and have a very high strength to weight ratio, a property which makes them attractive for use in aerospace and defense applications. MMCs have found use in the space shuttle orbiter's structural tubing, the Hubble Space Telescope's antenna mast, control surfaces and propulsion systems for aircraft, and tank armors. The size of MMC components is severely limited by difficulties encountered in joining these materials using fusion welding. Melting of the material results in formation of an undesirable phase (formed when molten Aluminum reacts with the reinforcement) which leaves a strength depleted region along the joint line. Since FSW occurs below the melting point of the workpiece material, this deleterious phase is absent in FSW-ed MMC joints. FSW of MMCs is, however, plagued by rapid wear of the welding tool, a consequence of the large discrepancy in hardness between the steel tool and the reinforcement material. This work characterizes the effect of process parameters (spindle speed, traverse rate, and length of joint) on the wear process. Based on the results of these experiments, a phenomenological model of the wear process was constructed based on the rotating plug model for FSW. The effectiveness of harder tool materials (such as Tungsten Carbide, high speed steel, and tools with diamond coatings) to combat abrasive wear is explored. In-process force, torque, and vibration signals are analyzed to assess the feasibility of on-line monitoring of tool shape changes as a result of wear (an advancement which would eliminate the need for off-line evaluation of tool condition during joining). Monitoring, controlling, and reducing tool wear in FSW of MMCs is essential to the implementation of these materials in structures (such as launch vehicles) where they would be of maximum benefit.     

基于螺旋理论的环形桁架式可展天线构型综合

基于螺旋理论针对环形桁架式可展天线机构的构型综合问题进行研究，首先概述基于螺旋理论的约束综合法，然后分析环形桁架可展天线机构的收展原理，将环形桁架机构分为上下环形边两部分，通过综合环形边机构并连接上下环形边便可得到环形桁架机构；采用移动副(P)来描述各个节点花盘的运动特性，通过基于螺旋理论的约束综合法针对环形边支链机构进行分析与综合，得到了16种约束支链机构，通过分析与优选得到了两种约束支链机构；采用综合得到的约束支链机构组合得到了环形边链路机构并通过连接组合与推演得到了四种环形桁架可展开机构；最后针对综合得到的四种环形桁架机构在Solidworks软件中进行了三维建模与运动仿真，校验了各机构的可展性。本文的研究为可展天线机构的构型综合提供了一种新思路，综合得到的几种环形桁架机构在空间可展开天线领域具有较好的应用前景。     

Fast coating analysis and modeling for RCS reduction of aircraft

In order to fast analyze the aircraft Radar Cross Section(RCS) and accurately reduce it with Radar Absorbing Materials(RAM), a comprehensive analysis method based on Higher-Order Method of Moments(HOMOM), termed Locally Coating Method(LCM), is proposed in this paper. There are two steps to fast analyze coatings for RCS reduction in this method: analyze the RCS of various parts before coating the aircraft; model a coating over the aircraft and analyze the wave absorbing effect of it. The aircraft RCS is calculated as a whole but analyzed in various parts by LCM, and thus the RCS contribution of different parts can be compared without disturbing the current continuity. A model expansion algorithm is also presented in LCM to model absorption coatings on specified aircraft parts for later stage RCS calculation of the coated aircraft.     

空时自适应处理张量波束成形器的外积合成法

为了解决空时自适应处理（Space-Time Adaptive Processing，STAP）对足量平稳训练快拍的要求，给出了一种设计STAP张量波束成形器的新算法——空时自适应处理张量子波束合成（TSS-STAP）法。分析表明：STAP中所需要的张量波束成形器，可首先在张量的各个子维度上分别进行子波束成形器的设计，然后再由张量的外积运算合成各子波束成形器而得到。进一步分析表明：由于本文算法可在较低自由度（DoF）的子维度上对张量波束成形器进行设计，因此降低了设计所需要的训练快拍数和计算复杂度，同时也实现了有效的去相关处理，使得其在非均匀杂波环境下有更好的目标检测性能。在仿真实验中，所提算法有效提升了目标检测结果，同时降低了目标检测所消耗的时间。     

企业级仿真数据管理技术研究与应用

结合性能样机技术的发展趋势,对仿真技术应用现状进行分析,给出了企业级仿真数据管理的技术原理,对仿真流程管理、仿真数据管理、异构软件集成等企业级仿真数据管理核心技术进行研究,并通过飞机研制中的工程应用,对相关技术和方法进行了验证。     

金属材料晶粒大小测量方法的研究

主要研究了奥氏体不锈钢１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ５ＴｉＡ、高温合金ＧＨ１３２和钛合金ＴＣ４等金属材料的晶粒大小测量方法，除用传统的金相方法外，主要探讨了无损检测技术（超声、衰减等）应用于晶粒大小的测量，试验结果表明：无损检测技术测量金属材料的晶粒大小具有直接性和非破坏性，该方法具有实用价值。     

μ理论在电液负载模拟器中的应用

 研究μ理论在电液负载模拟器中的应用，提出电液负载模拟器的鲁棒控制策略。电液负载模拟器是一个复杂的机-电-液复合系统，且是一个强耦合、时变受控对象。综合考虑参数变化、模型变动和干扰等不确定性的影响，利用μ综合控制理论设计电液负载模拟器的鲁棒力控制器，并通过μ分析使用鲁棒力控制器时系统的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能。给出使用鲁棒力控制器和经典力控制器时的实验结果，实验结果表明所设计鲁棒力控制器的有效性和优越性。     

分叉分析在飞机非线性动力学中的应用

深入研究现代飞机大迎角下的线性动力学特性是当今飞行力学的重要研究内容。综述了非线性动力学系统定性方法中分叉问题的基本概念、数值计算方法和相关软件，重点介绍了分叉分析方法在飞机开环、闭环非线性动力学特性分析和大迎角控制律综合以及分叉控制方面的应用。     

SHS法反应合成Al3Ti/Al复合材料的研究

通过将5Al-Ti体系混合粉末预制块在一定温度下预热,原位制备出Al3Ti/Al复合材料,并探讨了其生成机理和影响因素.研究发现:Al粉和Ti粉混合预热生成Al3Ti是由Al粉的熔化诱导;在高于热爆起始温度下预热时,Al3Ti直接以热爆反应机制生成;在低于热爆起始温度下预热时,Al3Ti按扩散-热爆反应机制生成.预热温度、Ti粉粒度及冷却速度是影响材料组织性能的关键因素.通过适当工艺制备出具有性能优异的Al3Ti/Al复合材料,其硬度是铝基体的3.6倍,耐磨性高.